Resentment at French rule prompted many Spanish colonies to declare autonomous juntas, or councils, that ruled in the name of Fernando. Which general invaded and freed Chile and much of Peru? Revolutions have occurred throughout history and continue to arise even in the present day. Insurgency continued in southern Mexico, but stalemate set in, with insurgents controlling rural areas and carrying out guerrilla warfare and royalist forces controlling most of the major cities. The three main causes of the Latin American Revolution were economic inequality political corruption and the lack of representation of the people. Fig 7 - Painting depicting the Battle of Boyac. Unresolved issues from the independence era, especially political differences between liberals and conservatives and centralists and federalists, contributed to instability after independence in many countries. What were the Economic effects of the Latin Revolution? The impact of the French Revolution on the Latin American Revolutions' causes is hard to understate. Spain granted neither, which caused great resentment and helped lead to independence. The Latin American Revolution was influenced by a variety of factors including the Napoleonic Wars the Haitian Revolution and the American Revolution.Conclusion: The Latin American Revolution was a series of wars and revolutions that took place in Latin America from 1808 to 1826. In addition to Cuba, the Spanish-American War also netted the US Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Britain recognized the United States of America as an independent country and ceded territory to the new United States. 300 words and citations. Panama late gained independence from Colombia in 1903. John Locke brought up Life, Liberty, and Property. He crossed the Andes into Chile, defeating most royalist resistance there by mid-1818. Getty Images. The term Latin America was a part of its attempt to create a French empire in the Americas. General Jos de San Martn led an army named the Army of the Andes to defeat them. Hispaniola announces freedon. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. Best study tips and tricks for your exams. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. This set off a political crisis in the Spanish colonies. These events were: Spain setting up colonies in the Americas. In many cases the revolutions were successful in achieving their goals leading to the independence of new countries from European colonial rule. Minster, Christopher. Gran Colombia was a union of the colonies of New Granada, the modern-day countries of Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, and Venezuela. . Val Arrais/. Causes of the Latin American Revolution. Match the definition in Column B with the word in Column A. Only God can remove them. From his book it is easy to see that, already, Latin America was being effected . Some were a positive influence: The American Revolution (17651783) was seen by many in South America as a good example of elite leaders of colonies throwing off European rule and replacing it with a more fair and democratic societylater, some constitutions of new republics borrowed heavily from the U.S. Constitution. With the support of Haiti, he returned to his native Venezuela to attempt to free it. In Haiti, Jacques Dessalines, who declared the country independent, faced internal opposition to his rule. -upper classes kept control of wealth. Other revolutions were not as positive. But the colonies were only allowed to trade with Spain, and at rates advantageous for Spanish merchants. The short-term causes of the Latin American Revolution were the increasing power of the landowners the increasing power of the Catholic Church and the increasing power of the United States. Another man named Father Jose Morelos attempts to continue his revolt, but he fails in doing so. Series of acts were brought up. In Venezuela, royalists defeated the independence movement. encompasses most of Central and South America and parts of the Caribbean. The Haitian and Mexican revolutions are moderately similar in that they fought for independence with multiple leaders, slavery was abolished in both; however, Haiti experienced debt and Mexico resulted in little social change. These were people of pure-blood Spanish descent that were born in the colonies. The movements that liberated Spanish South America arose from opposite ends of the continent. Only $35.99/year. Upon the declaration of independence, the new government headed by Dom Pedro only had control in the areas around Rio de Janiero and So Paulo. , -only peninsulares and creoles had power. By the late eighteenth century, the Spanish colonies had a thriving class of Creoles (Criollo in Spanish), wealthy men and women of European ancestry born in the New World. Even if Spain had agreed to these changes, they would have created a more powerful, wealthy colonial elite with experience in administering their home regionsa road that also would have led directly to independence. o legislation limiting the use of child labor o establishing 8-hour workdays for railroad workers . In 1810, Napoleon put his brother, Joseph on throne of Spain. It proved that latin americans could acheive independence and change if they tried. In 1895, independence supporters launched another war for independence, one that had become particularly brutal by 1898. There were no pollsters during the American revolution, but it's safe to say its popularity rose and fell over the course of the war. , -Almost all colonial rule in Latin America ended. ThoughtCo, Apr. There are two main Latin American revolution causes: the impact of the French Revolution and resentment at the political structure of colonial rule. By the end of the eighteenth century, the visiting Prussian scientist Alexander Von Humboldt (17691859) noted that the locals preferred to be called Americans rather than Spaniards. Among them was Agustn de Iturbide, who decided to instead support independence as a way to preserve the conservative, colonial era order. Argentina was the first to formally declare independence on July 9, 1816. Interestingly, if discouragingly so, Haiti's status as a black republic also impacted the way independence movements developed. He replaced Charles IV with his own brother,Joseph Bonaparte. People of pure-blood Spanish descent that were born in the colonies. Many Creoles said they were loyal to Spain, not Napoleon. Causes of the American Revolution:The Intolerable Acts. LATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS. -peninsulares and creoles controlled wealth. He aligned himself with independence fighter Vicente Guerrero. What were the Political Effects of the Latin American Revolution? There was a common cause, goal, and effect of each of these three revolutions in addition to the unique causes, goals, and effects. By 1830, nearly all Latin American countries were ruled. Civil war ensued over the next 4 years. So too had the Portuguese colony of Brazil and the French colony of Haiti. By the time Spain was beginning to stabilizeFerdinand reclaimed the throne in 1813colonies in Mexico, Argentina, and northern South America were in revolt. -French Revolution inspired ideas (saw Monarchy removed), -peninsulares and creoles controlled wealth, -Almost all colonial rule in Latin America ended, Problems in Latin America after independence, military rulers who emerged in new republics across latin america, Latin American federation formed by Simon Bolivar, quickly fell apart, AP Modern World History Unit 1, 1200-1450, Causes and Effects of French Revolution Events, Betsy Kerr, Guy Spielmann, Mary Rogers, Tracy D.Terrell, Chez Nous: Branch Sur le Monde Francophone, Albert Valdman, Cathy Pons, Katherine Mueller, Mary Ellen Scullen, Paula Bouffard, Cole Conlin, Elizabeth Millan, Max Ehrsam, Parthena Draggett, Bill VanPatten, Stacey Weber-Feve, Wynne Wong, International Relations Exam 2 (POSC 1020). Starting around 1810, the Spanish colonies on the mainland began moving towards independence. Answer (1 of 6): The formalized drive by the South American and Central American states to win independence from their Spanish and Portuguese overlords began in 1806 with the failed attempt by Francisco de Miranda to forge an independent Venezuela. (2021, April 12). Even though slavery had lessened, indentured servants began to increase. While Spain was racially "pure" in the sense that the Moors, Jews, Romani people, and other ethnic groups had been kicked out centuries before, the New World populations were a diverse mixture of Europeans, Indigenous people (some of whom were enslaved), and enslaved Black people. After Spanish and French naval forces were crushed at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, Spain's ability to control the colonies lessened even more. 1807 - 1825. The results of the Latin American Revolution were varied but generally speaking they resulted in the overthrow of colonial rule and the establishment of independent countries in South America Central America and the Caribbean. The lack of representation was caused by the people not having a voice in the government. It also provided important material aid and support to other Latin American revolutions. leader of Haitian revolution formerly a slave freed Haiti. a. capable of holding a large quantity; spacious, c. to fascinate by charm, wit, intelligence, or beauty; enrapture, d. a general idea or understanding derived from specific instances; a thought or notion, e. to provide food, services, or entertainment; provide anything wished for or needed, f. inclined to find fault and make petty criticisms, g. one that receives or is capable of receiving, h. the beginning of something; commencement, i. capable of being grasped by the senses or mind; noticeable, j. a rule that imposes a particular standard of action or conduct; guiding principle, Spanish colonies run by Council of Indies- Directors carried out by Viceroys, A governor who ruled as a representative of a monarch. The vast Spanish New World Empire produced many goods, including coffee, cacao, textiles, wine, minerals, and more. LATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS: MENU CAUSES LEADERS EFFECTS. Fig 3 - Painting by Francsico de Goya depicting the occupatoin of Spain by French armies. Who were the 3 major leaders in the Latin American revolution? ThoughtCo. The concept and term came into being in the nineteenth century following political independence of countries from Spain and Portugal. Though most historians agree that the American Revolution influenced the French Revolution, which lasted from 1789-1799, some scholars debate the significance and extent of its impact. This product is related to the Causes of the American Revolution. Countries in Latin America deported most people with European ancestry. At the beginning of the 1800s, Latin America was firmly under the . This caused resentment within the privileged classes. Colonization did, however, have another effect; because the settlers used a centralized government to control their territory, they inadvertently united the people in the . 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